Virology is a knowledge that study of viruses and virus-like agent or viruses history. This material include of viruses structure, viruses classification and evolution, the way of viruses to infect other creature and then exploit host cell that use for virus reproduction. Virology also study of the diseases that causes, the technique to isolate and culture them, and their use in research and therapy.
Because of the large discussion of viruses, this material often discuses on other subject and often become a parts of microbiology and pathology. The structure of viruses can be changed depend to the host of cell they infect, like animal viruses, plant viruses, fungal viruses and bacteriophages (viruses infecting bacteria, which include the most complex viruses).
If bacteria size still using of micron, viruses have size in smaller range about 30 nm to about 450 nm, this is a very very small size range. Micro size is one per million meter, and nano meter is one per thousand million meters. So a creature with thousandth time of bacteria can infect them. If infect human then this will very very small compare to human cells.
If viruses infect to human cell then virus will become of part of cells, some time unite with human DNA, this is a part of human cell. DNA can change the base structure of human DNA and a bad effect of this DNA character can derivate to the next human.
Because of nano size the technology to kill this viruses should use nano technology, many expert have use other viruses to kill viruses, of build body immune to kill this viruses. Virology that using of nano technology always develop and may on the next generation will available of nano medication to kill this infected viruses.
Sunday, July 5, 2009
Monday, June 8, 2009
West Nile Virus
West Nile disease have frightenen many people in America because this diseases history that ever happened last time. West nile virus merge again since last month in America, and the people and health of department involvel on preventing this diseases become spread over the US country.
The following year, the state's first human cases and deaths from West Nile disease were recorded and all but two of the state's 102 counties eventually reported a positive human, bird, mosquito or horse. By the end of 2002, Illinois had counted more human cases (884) and deaths (67) than any other state in the United States. In 2003, the epicenter of West Nile disease moved westward. Colorado reported the highest number of cases (2,947), easily surpassing the caseload record for the mosquito-borne disease set the previous year by Illinois. The number of West Nile human cases in Illinois fell dramatically with just 54 reported and only one death. Illinois' caseload in 2004 was slightly higher than the previous year with 60 reported cases and four deaths. In 2005, Illinois recorded 252 cases and 12 deaths, both totals the second highest in the nation to California’s 880 cases and 19 deaths, and in 2006, there were 215 cases and 10 deaths reported, the sixth highest number of cases in the U.S.
West Nile virus first found in Africa about in West Nile River. Even though it was discovered all the way back in 1937 in Africa, the West Nile virus probably didn't make its way to the United States until 1999.
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 15,000 people in the U.S. have tested positive for WNV infection since 1999, including over 500 deaths. Many more people have likely been infected with WNV, but have experienced mild or no symptoms.
Symptoms of West Nile virus really depend on the person who becomes infected. Kids with normal immune systems, the system of the body that fights off disease and infection, usually get just a mild "flu-like" illness and may not feel bad at all with the infection.
The West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in the Western Hemisphere in 1999 and has since rapidly spread across the North American continent into all 48 continental states, seven Canadian provinces, and throughout Mexico. In addition, WNV activity has been detected in Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Guadeloupe and El Salvador.
West Nile virus is caused by a bite from an infected mosquito that's already carrying the virus, but it's important to remember that not all mosquitoes are infected. In many parts of the United States, the risk of being bitten by an infected mosquito is greatest from July to early September. But in some parts of the country, mosquito bites can be a risk all year long. Not everyone who gets bitten by an infected mosquito will get the virus. And although kids can get West Nile virus, it's rare for them to become very sick from it.
Statistically, a person's risk of contracting West Nile is low, and less than 1% of those infected develop serious illness from the virus. Those at highest risk for serious illness are the elderly and those with lowered immune systems. However, people of all ages can develop serious illness, so it is important for everyone to protect themselves from mosquito bites to minimize the risk of infection.
Good Prevention Action:
Eliminate sources of standing water in your yard where mosquitoes may lay eggs. Fill, cover or remove any items that can trap water. Common mosquito breeding containers include:
The following year, the state's first human cases and deaths from West Nile disease were recorded and all but two of the state's 102 counties eventually reported a positive human, bird, mosquito or horse. By the end of 2002, Illinois had counted more human cases (884) and deaths (67) than any other state in the United States. In 2003, the epicenter of West Nile disease moved westward. Colorado reported the highest number of cases (2,947), easily surpassing the caseload record for the mosquito-borne disease set the previous year by Illinois. The number of West Nile human cases in Illinois fell dramatically with just 54 reported and only one death. Illinois' caseload in 2004 was slightly higher than the previous year with 60 reported cases and four deaths. In 2005, Illinois recorded 252 cases and 12 deaths, both totals the second highest in the nation to California’s 880 cases and 19 deaths, and in 2006, there were 215 cases and 10 deaths reported, the sixth highest number of cases in the U.S.
West Nile virus first found in Africa about in West Nile River. Even though it was discovered all the way back in 1937 in Africa, the West Nile virus probably didn't make its way to the United States until 1999.
According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 15,000 people in the U.S. have tested positive for WNV infection since 1999, including over 500 deaths. Many more people have likely been infected with WNV, but have experienced mild or no symptoms.
Symptoms of West Nile virus really depend on the person who becomes infected. Kids with normal immune systems, the system of the body that fights off disease and infection, usually get just a mild "flu-like" illness and may not feel bad at all with the infection.
The West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in the Western Hemisphere in 1999 and has since rapidly spread across the North American continent into all 48 continental states, seven Canadian provinces, and throughout Mexico. In addition, WNV activity has been detected in Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Guadeloupe and El Salvador.
West Nile virus is caused by a bite from an infected mosquito that's already carrying the virus, but it's important to remember that not all mosquitoes are infected. In many parts of the United States, the risk of being bitten by an infected mosquito is greatest from July to early September. But in some parts of the country, mosquito bites can be a risk all year long. Not everyone who gets bitten by an infected mosquito will get the virus. And although kids can get West Nile virus, it's rare for them to become very sick from it.
Statistically, a person's risk of contracting West Nile is low, and less than 1% of those infected develop serious illness from the virus. Those at highest risk for serious illness are the elderly and those with lowered immune systems. However, people of all ages can develop serious illness, so it is important for everyone to protect themselves from mosquito bites to minimize the risk of infection.
Good Prevention Action:
Eliminate sources of standing water in your yard where mosquitoes may lay eggs. Fill, cover or remove any items that can trap water. Common mosquito breeding containers include:
- Change the water at least once or twice a week, cleaning the bath on a regular basis
- Ponds - consider purchasing mosquito-eating fish if the pond is serving as a mosquito breeding site and cannot be drained.
- Buried every unused goods not use that can keep water inside.
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